Describing Human–Wildlife Interaction from a European Perspective

European researchers from both the natural and social sciences show growing interest in studying interactions between society and wildlife. A wealth of theoretical frameworks, concepts, and methods are used, but an integration of perspectives is lacking. This research note summarizes results from two workshops that included 63 delegates from 25 European countries, as well as a follow-up survey of 41 respondents. Two main theoretical approaches to the study of human–wildlife interactions were identified. One approach focuses on the collective societal level relying on theories of governance, social representation, deliberative procedures, and commons theory. The other approach targets individuals or groups, and is based on theories such as the cognitive hierarchy, theory of reasoned action, and theory of planned behavior. Interdisciplinary collaboration is needed to identify the best options for wildlife conservation and management in a more politically integrated Europe.     

光源、性别及光处理时间对草地贪夜蛾趋光行为的影响

为研发高效、精准的监测防控设备,利用八臂行为选择装置系统测定不同光源、性别和光处理时间下草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda的趋光行为。结果显示,在紫外光（波长365 nm）、紫光（波长420～430 nm）、蓝光（波长465～475 nm）、绿光（波长525～535 nm）、黄光（波长585～595 nm）和红光（波长655～665 nm）6种波长光源下,草地贪夜蛾混合种群（雌雄成虫比为1∶1）对紫外光光源的趋光选择率最高,为25.61%,显著高于其他处理,其次为紫光和蓝光光源,趋光选择率分别为16.30%和8.82%,对红光的趋光选择率最低,为4.76%。在紫外光刺激下,草地贪夜蛾雌成虫的趋光选择率显著高于混合种群（雌雄成虫比为1∶1）,在红光刺激下,雄成虫的趋光选择率显著高于雌成虫。另外,在紫外光刺激下,光处理时间60 min草地贪夜蛾雌成虫的趋光选择率显著高于其他处理。表明光源与性别因素均影响草地贪夜蛾的趋光行为,光处理时间对草地贪夜蛾的趋光行为影响较小,且与光源及性别因素有关。     

影响猪采食行为的肠道微生物种类鉴别

动物主要通过采食来获取能量和所需营养物质,探索肠道菌群对猪采食行为的影响并研究其潜在的作用机制,可以为后续通过调控肠道菌群来改善猪采食提供理论基础。以210头商业杜洛克猪为研究对象,使用自动喂料器记录包括平均日采食时间(ADET)、平均日采食次数(ADEV)、平均日采食量(ADFI)等采食行为指标。140日龄时于肛门处收集粪便样品,通过16S rRNA基因V3-V4区测序获得试验猪肠道微生物结构与组成概况,采用Two-part模型以及共丰度组(CAGs)鉴别与猪采食行为相关的肠道微生物种类。结果显示：1)表型间相关性分析结果表明,ADET分别与ADEV(r=0.41,P<0.05)、RFI(r=0.32,P<0.05)呈显著正相关,ADFI分别与RFI(r=0.56,P<0.05)、平均日增重(ADG)(r=0.63,P<0.05)呈显著正相关,另外,RFI与背膘厚呈显著正相关(r=0.16,P<0.05)。2)CAGs分析中,主要包括瘤胃球菌科(Ruminococcaceae)、拟杆菌目(Bacteroidales)以及颤螺菌属(Oscillospira...     

先锋植物沙棘Ⅱ--克隆行为和根系特化是实现沙棘先锋作用的又一根本因素

沙棘是根源性根出条型克隆植物,它有克隆习性和克隆行为,它具有有性和无性2种繁殖方式。在田间沙棘林内,株间、片断、斑块间,存在着种群遗传上的多样性。沙棘侧根的特化结构组成了天然生物蓄水库,缓解了在干旱条件下对水分需求的矛盾。因此,作为一种双重生态型植物,解决了肥(N2)、水2个重要的生命及生态因子,是实现先锋植物功能的重要原因。     

Flexure-torsion Analysis of Variable-curvature-box Girder Considering Non-coincidence of Torsion Center and Gravity Center

In order to consider the effect of non-coincidence of torsion center and gravity center,the rectangular variable-curvature-box girder with vertical symmetrical axis is studied. Considering the influence of shear deflection and non-coincidence of torsion center and gravity center, the elastic equilibrium formulas are established. Based on deformation equations of the girder and the relations of inner forces and deformations,the flexure-torsion differential equations are developed. The equilibrium differential equations and Galerkin methods formulas for clothoid curved box girder are presented.     

Strength and Microstructure of Sulphoaluminate Cement Containing Ultra- Fine CaCO3

The existence of ettringite in sulphoaluminate cement hardened paste is mainly in the form of pole-like crystal,which causes unfavorable effect on the cement.In this paper the strength and microstructure of the sulphoaluminate cement containing ultra-fine CaCO_3 weze discussed.Experimet results show that the strength of sulphoaluminate cement was obviously improved by adding 3% of ultra-fine CaCO_3.After curing for 28d,the compressive strength of cement paste and mortar is 100.6MPa and 94.1MPa respectively,and the bending strength of the mortar reached 12.5MPa.SEM study on hardened paste of sulphoaluminate cement containing ultra-fine CaCO_3 showed that its structure was dense and homogeneous,there was hardly any massive crystall detected.     

A Comparative Study of Confined Concrete Models under Cyclic Loading

In this paper,four models are selected as the representatives and applied to nonlinear dynamic analysis program for space frames which is based on the beam-column elements using the finite element flexibility method and the fiber model.Park's test on combined axial and bending columns under cyclic loading are taken as the calibrations,comparisons to material and structural member level are drawn and the analytical results of various models are discussed.